Topology is a pattern of network devices that describes the way in which these devices are connected.
It can be physical or logical. Topology provides different configurations that are used to create a network .
There are many types of topology
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Bus Topology
A bus network is a network topology in which nodes are directly connected to a common linear (or branched) half-duplex link called a bus.
In this topology devices Share common backbone cable to send and receive data . A thick coaxial cable used to connect all devices in the network the first and last devices are connected to terminator of 50 ohm resistor.
In this topology the devices are not responsible for data transmission from one device to another.
If one device fails it don’t affect entire Network.
When two machines transmitted data at a time the signals Collide. This is collision.
It can affects the Performance of the network.
Star Topology
In this topology multiple devices are connected to a central connection point .Known as Hub or switch.
Devices are attached by copper cable or fiber optic cable.
It is mostly used in airline reservations counters and small business offices.In this topology Hub acts as a multi port repeater for data flow.
Hub is used to connect segment of LAN.
Hub receives all the data in a single port and broadcast across all the ports.Active Hub cantains electronic circuit that regenerate and retransmit the information it actually watching the data before sent out .
100 & 1000 base T network uses it. It is widely used in organizations.
Ring Topology
In this Topology each devices are connected adjacent devices forming a circle. Data flows only one direction Clockwise or Anticlockwise. Each devices act as a Repeater that transmit the signal and amplify it.
All devices are connected in a ring . Each have only two neighbors for communication purpose known as upstream and downstream.
It operates 4 to 16 mbps.
Dual Ring
It contains two concentric rings, Primary and Secondary to connect each devices o n a network Primary Ring Carries data in one direction whereas Secondary Ring carries data in the opposite direction Secondary Ring used when primary ring stopped working.
Mesh Topology
In this topology each devices connected to every other devices. A device can send the data to all the devices in the Network.
There are two types of mesh topology-
A) Full Mesh
B) Partial Mesh
In full mesh devices are connected directly to each other. In partial Mesh Topology some of devices connected to all others. But some devices are not to all other devices in the network.
Tree Topology
A tree topology combines the characteristics of Linear, Bus and Star Topology. Twisted pair cable are commonly used in tree topology. It is also called hierarchical structure. Group of star network connected to a hub and Hub directly connected to a linear Bus Backbone.
Hybrid Topology
It is a combination of two or more Topologies. It is also known as special Topology It is used in corporate offices to link their LAN to the WAN.
It is more and maximum complex and secure. It uses maximum cabling and devicing.
